Technical Guides
Choose substrates and coatings, prepare DWG drawings and define measurable pattern and inspection requirements.
Reticles in Microscopes, Sights and Measuring Instruments
Match reticle geometry to the instrument task, then calibrate the complete optical configuration before reading length, angle, position or concentration.
Reticle Pattern Manufacture and Acceptance
Connect substrate, pattern transfer, focal-plane geometry and inspection so a reticle is checked as an optical component rather than only as a printed image.
Reticle Mounting and Cemented Optical Assemblies
Distinguish mechanical seating, edge bonding and full-face optical cementing, then control the pattern plane and verify the assembly after joining.
Glass Encoder Disc Selection: Codes, Readout and Eccentricity
Separate encoding type, optical readout, resolution and accuracy, then control concentricity, pitch and mounting error in the complete encoder system.
Reading USAF 1951 Targets: Groups, Frequency and Resolution
Read the correct three-bar element, convert its geometry and distinguish target-plane detail from image-plane sampling.
Slanted-Edge SFR: Setup, Calculation and Interpretation
Follow the edge-to-frequency calculation and identify how sampling, contrast and image processing affect the reported response.
Stage Micrometers: Scale Calibration and Measurement Records
Establish length per pixel or eyepiece division, choose a useful span and understand measured intervals and uncertainty.
Ronchi and Sayce Targets: Frequency, Sampling and Contrast
Relate stripe geometry to spatial frequency and use fixed-period or progressive patterns for controlled comparisons.
Encoder Periods, Counts, Resolution and Speed
Convert optical periods into count increments, estimate track pitch at the reading radius and check signal bandwidth at the required speed.
Absolute Optical Codes: Gray, Binary and Transition Reading
Match the position map to the reader, distinguish multi-track and coded-window designs, and evaluate code transitions and coarse/fine registration.